Computer Engineering vs. Computer Science – Unveiling the Differences

In today’s digital era, the demand for positions in computer engineering and computer science is soaring worldwide. With competitive salaries and promising job prospects, it's no surprise that interest in these fields remains high. However, for those new to the computing realm, understanding the distinction between these two disciplines can be challenging. To provide clarity, this blog post will explore the differences between computer science and computer engineering, shedding light on their unique characteristics, potential career paths, and the top universities offering programs in these dynamic fields.

What is computer engineering?

Computer engineering is a branch of engineering that combines the fields of computer science with electrical engineering. Essentially, computer engineers work with the components of a computer system, designing, constructing, and testing them for specialised projects. They’re also responsible for updating existing systems to accommodate new software or enhance performance.

Computer engineers are often involved in the development of new computing methods and technologies, which require a diverse range of technical skills. **Proficiency in programming and **coding, and being an analytical thinker is vital for a computer engineer. In fact, many engineers are adept in multiple programming languages such as Python and JavaScript. It’s needless to say that a strong foundation in Mathematics and Science is imperative in this field.

Applications of computer engineering

Computer engineers play a pivotal role in today’s modern era. From laptops to autonomous vehicles, computer engineers shape the technological landscape by conceiving, designing, and actualising the technology behind these innovations. Computer engineers have spearheaded significant advances across a range of industries, including the development of computer-assisted imaging technologies and the global 5G network.

With the computer engineering market expected to grow at an average annual rate of 4% by 2026, computer engineers are increasingly in demand for projects of various scales and flexibilities. Today, many computer engineers work in hardware and software design and application across diverse sectors such as manufacturing, defence, and aerospace. In these roles, they are primarily tasked with ensuring that both the hardware and software components work together seamlessly.

Some common job titles in computer engineering include:

• Computer programmer
• Game developer
• Information security analyst
• Firmware engineer
• Database administrator

What is computer science?

Despite being closely related to computer engineering, there is a fundamental difference between the two disciplines. Computer science is the study of computers and computational systems with a larger focus on the theoretical aspects to solve real world problems.

Computer scientists leverage a variety of mathematical algorithms and programming abilities to study computer processes and build new software and systems. However, programming is only one element of computer science. Computer scientists create and analyse software and hardware solutions across various industries. They encounter plenty of abstract challenges in their work, having to identify the problems which can be effectively addressed with computers, and the intricate algorithms required to solve them.

Applications of computer science

Computer science finds applications in almost every aspect of modern life, shaping the way we communicate, work, and interact with technology. From developing cutting-edge software and algorithms to managing vast networks and databases, computer science plays a crucial role in powering the digital age. Whether it's optimising supply chains, analysing big data, or creating immersive gaming experiences, computer science continues to revolutionise industries and enhance the way we live, work, and play.

Computer scientists are experts at problem solving. The knowledge and skills acquired in the course of study prepares students for careers in various industries such as financial services, research, and even government. But because of its more theoretical focus, computer science jobs tend to lean towards analysis, research and development.

AI is one of the most advanced fields that computer scientists can find themselves in. As its utilisation expands across industries, computer science graduates can find employment in various other industries like education and healthcare.

Some common job titles in computer science include:

• Data Scientist
• Systems Analyst
• Web Developer
• Software Engineer
• AI Engineer

Now, let’s explore the differences between computer science and computer engineering, so you can gain a better understanding of which of these courses might be more suitable for you.

The best universities to study computer science and computer engineering

When deciding between the two disciplines, it’s important to consider your own interests, aptitude, and career aspirations. Are you more interested in programming and software development, or in designing and building computer hardware? Are you more comfortable with advanced mathematics and theoretical concepts (which are more prevalent in computer science), or do you prefer working with electronics and physical systems (which are emphasised in computer engineering)? What are your career goals, and which field aligns better with those goals?

Computer engineering may be a good fit for those keen in electronic systems and hardware design. Throughout your undergraduate studies, you can expect to enrol in courses covering software design, computer vision, and large-scale computing. Some universities also provide opportunities for second majors or specialisations such as robotics, and computer and network security, allowing you to narrow your focus. 

To kickstart your university search, here are the top universities worldwide offering computer engineering programmes:

• University of Cambridge, UK
• Carnegie Mellon University, US
• University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, US
• Georgia Institute of Technology, US
• University of Michigan, US
• University of Texas at Austin, US
• Cornell University, US
• Princeton University, US
• Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
• National University of Singapore, Singapore

If you’re a problem solver who thrives on devising creative solutions using technology, then computer science might be for you. During your undergraduate degree, your coursework may encompass subjects like introduction to AI, programming, and design thinking. Typically, fundamental topics like computer organisation, Mathematics, and algorithms, will be covered. You may also opt for more specialised tracks where available, to refine your expertise.

Below are some of the top institutions worldwide offering programmes in computer science:

• University of Oxford, UK
• Stanford University, US
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US
• Carnegie Mellon University, US
• ETH Zurich, Switzerland
• Harvard University, US
• University of Cambridge, UK
• Imperial College London, UK
• Princeton University, US
• University of California, Berkeley, US

Key Resources & Further Reading

• Is Computer Science a Good Major?
• What Can You Do With a Computer Science Degree?
• From Columbia to Microsoft: The Journey of a Computer Science Grad Part 1
• From Columbia to Microsoft: The Journey of a Computer Science Grad Part 2